C1 Atomic structure: Ions
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An atom has no overall charge.
Group 0 / noble gases atoms are inert or unreactive
because they have a full outer shell, so they do not need to gain or lose electrons.
For the above reason, group 0 / noble gases do not form compounds.
When atoms form chemical bonds by transferring electrons, they form IONS.
IONS are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
Metal atoms lose electrons and become positively charged ions.
Metal ions achieve a full outer shell or the stable electron configuration of the noble gases.
IONS are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons.
Non-metal atoms gain electrons and become negatively charged ions
Non-metal ions achieve a full outer shell or the stable electron configuration of the noble gases.
Non-metal ions change their name so that it ends in -ide.
Q1. Describe how ions are formed.
Ions are formed when atoms transfer electrons, metal atoms lose electrons and non-metal atoms gain electrons.
Q2. What ions are formed when metal atoms lose electrons?
Positive metal ions.
Q3. What charge ions do group 1 metals form? Why?
Positive metal ions with 1+ charge, because the metal atoms lose 1 electron from the outer shell.
Q4. Sodium has 11 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of sodium atom.
Would sodium atom lose or gain electrons?
What charge would sodium ion have?
Na 2, 8, 1
Na atom loses 1 electron from the outer shell.
Na+
Q5. What charge ions do group 2 metals form? Why?
Positive metal ions with 2+ charge, because the metal atoms lose 2 electrons from the outer shell.
Q6. Magnesium has 12 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of magnesium atom.
Would magnesium atom lose or gain electrons?
What charge would magnesium ion have?
Mg 2, 8, 2
Mg atom loses 2 electrons from the outer shell.
Mg2+
Q7. What charge ions do group 3 metals form? Why?
Positive metal ions with 3+ charge, because the metal atoms lose 3 electrons from the outer shell.
Q8. Aluminium has 13 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of aluminium atom.
Would aluminium atom lose or gain electrons?
What charge would aluminium ion have?
Al 2, 8, 3
Al atom loses 3 electrons from the outer shell.
Al3+
Q9. What ions are formed when non-metal atoms gain electrons?
Negative non-metal ions.
Q10. What charge ions do group 6 non-metals form? Why?
Negative non-metal ions with 2- charge, because the non-metal atoms gains 2 electrons on the outer shell.
Q11. Oxygen has 8 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of oxygen atom.
Would oxygen atom lose or gain electrons?
What charge would oxide ion have?
O 2, 6
O atom gains 2 electrons on the outer shell.
O2-
Q12. What charge ions do group 7 non-metals form? Why?
Negative non-metal ions with 1- charge, because the non-metal atoms gain 1 electron on the outer shell.
Q13. Fluorine has 9 electrons.
Write the electron configuration of fluorine atom.
Would fluorine atom lose or gain electrons?
What charge would fluoride ion have?
F 2, 7
F atom gains 1 electron on the outer shell.
F-
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